Quantum computers might remind you of an ordinary computer but they are completely distinct in all aspects. Unlike average computers these computers don’t function on binary they function on a completely different unit called qubits. In a binary system billions of transistors open and close for executing a task which makes it hard for them to solve large calculations. If a computer was to solve a maze it would go through a path and use trial and error to find out the right path but a quantum computer would behave differently a quantum computer would consider all the possible methods to go about the maze and then land on one. A quantum computer can do this by utilizing qubits instead of bits. Qubits operate on the laws of quantum mechanics.
The functioning of a qubit can be explained by the “Controlled double-slit electron Diffraction”. In this experiment, electrons were passed through two slits and were projected on a screen, but until detected on screen they existed in a state of superposition. As though they were travelling all the possible ways at once. On observation, the superposition state was to collapse to reveal a single point. This is the same ability a qubit uses to carry out efficient calculations for the maze example a qubit finds every single path in a superposition but then collapses to one right outcome. Quantum computers can be more powerful if the number of qubits in them increase by the process of entanglement. When more qubits are entangled their possible values increase exponentially.